Union Budget 2025
The government has committed to set up 17,000 crèches, which is a very positive step. Some states, like Haryana and Telangana, have already started implementing it. This is a strong move in favour of young children and working parents. The budget allocation has also increased under the Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 schemes. Other initiatives like the reimagining Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS are also encouraging, but we must monitor how these are implemented at the ground level.
Allocation for Childcare Schemes
Yes, but it also depends on state-level intervention since these are centrally sponsored schemes. Usually, funding is shared 60:40 between the Centre and states. Some progressive states, like Haryana, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, have gone beyond this ratio by adding their own resources. These states have successfully rolled out several schemes.
The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017
The Act was indeed progressive, extending maternity benefits to six months. Many companies have implemented it, but the provision for crèches at workplaces is often overlooked. Few formal structures offer such facilities. This needs collaborative action, as implementation remains weak even in the formal sector. Moreover, the Act applies only to formal sector workers, excluding those in the informal sector.
For informal workers, the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana offers a cash benefit of Rs 5,000 in three instalments. While the scheme is widespread and beneficial, access remains challenging due to identity proof requirements. Migrant workers often lack documentation and are therefore excluded.
Data Dearth
Several programmes address home-based care. The Home-Based Care for Newborns (HBCN) is implemented by the Health Department and involves six visits by ASHA workers to reduce infant mortality. The Mother Absolute Affection (MAA) programme promotes breastfeeding. The ICDS, now called Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 also play a key role.
Employer-run programmes are covered under nine laws, notably the Factories Act, 1948, the Building and Other Construction Workers Act, 1996, and the Plantation Labour Act, 1951. However, data on operational crèches in such workplaces is lacking, and implementation is patchy.
The government can integrate crèche-related data into existing national surveys. Since the last Census was in 2011, upcoming surveys can incorporate questions about workplace crèches. Data on the number of crèches, worker needs, and availability will help in better provisioning.
Low Enrolment Rate in Anganwadi Centres
A multi-faceted approach is needed. Anganwadi workers should be freed from non-core duties so they can focus on community initiatives. Community involvement is vital for reaching last-mile children. In rural areas, Panchayats, and in urban areas, ward councillors can play a key role in enrolment.
Shortage of Teachers in Pre-Primary Education
There is a huge vacancy. Around 39% of Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) posts, 34% of supervisor posts, and 12% of Anganwadi worker posts are vacant. Similar shortages exist in pre-primary teaching staff. These vacancies must be filled urgently. The government is making efforts. For instance, Delhi filled many Anganwadi posts last year, but the process needs to be faster to ensure no child is left behind.
The New Education Policy, 2020
The New Education Policy, 2000 is a welcome move, as it includes children aged 3 to 8 years, whereas earlier policies focused on ages 6 to 14. It introduces the 5+3+4 model, which encompasses foundational, preparatory, and secondary stages.
Two key models are proposed: a dominant model and a convergence model. In some states, ICDS centres operate within primary schools with better infrastructure. However, urban Anganwadis often face space constraints, limiting play activities.
The policy calls for training Anganwadi workers and teachers. Two new curricula have been developed – the Navchetna module for under-3s, and the Aadhaarshila module for 3 to 6 years. If implemented effectively, these can bring real change.
Children-Related SDGs
Data suggests we are falling short of the targets. Additional budget allocations are essential. Convergence among health, women and child development, and housing sectors is also crucial. Private sector and civil society must collaborate with the government as one united entity. Fragmented efforts will not improve children’s lives.
Climate Change and Cyber Security
Holistic development requires addressing emerging issues like climate change, which disproportionately affects young children and women. Policy integration is essential. Disasters, environmental challenges, and climate events are becoming more frequent. Children, being dependent on adult caregivers, are especially vulnerable. These challenges must be incorporated into policy frameworks.
Highlights of Delhi Budget 2025
We are very pleased with the Delhi Budget. FORCES had several demands from the community level, and it’s encouraging to see those reflected in the budget.
First, maternity benefits have increased from Rs 5,000 to Rs 21,000, which is a major improvement. Second, the provision for 500 palnas is a great move, supported by an additional Rs 50 crore budget. Third, a canteen scheme for the poor has been introduced, and ₹2,500 will be given to all women below the BPL level. These are promising steps. Now, it’s essential to ensure these translate into impact at the ground level, which requires collective effort.
Ideal Ecosystem for Child Care Services
My ideal wish list begins with making Early Childhood Development (ECD) a fundamental right. Without this, no dedicated programme or budget can be ensured. There must be additional budget allocations for children and successful, effective implementation of programmes. All stakeholders must play their roles, ensuring every child receives their rights and can become part of India’s human capital.
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