Climate change is the defining challenge of our time, and few nations stand at its crossroads quite like India. In their book Climate Action India, authors Tuhin A. Sinha and Kaviraj Singh offer a sweeping yet detailed account of India’s journey towards environmental sustainability, balancing development with its climate commitments. The book serves not only as a record of India’s climate initiatives but also as a clarion call for individuals, businesses, and policymakers to take responsibility in shaping a greener future.

The book opens with an acknowledgement of the gravity of the climate crisis. As President of India, Shrimati Droupadi Murmu noted in her statement on July 8, 2024, rising global temperatures and sea levels are endangering coastal regions and biodiversity. Her remarks highlight the twofold approach necessary for tackling climate change: large-scale governmental and international efforts alongside local and individual initiatives.

India’s climate war, as described in the book, is not fought in isolation. It is a battle against global warming, deforestation, air and water pollution, and unsustainable industrial practices. The authors argue that, despite India’s status as a developing nation with pressing energy needs, the country has emerged as a leader in climate action, making significant commitments under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership.

India’s Climate Commitments and PM Modi’s Leadership

A major strength of Climate Action India is its thorough analysis of India’s climate policies. The authors outline how India’s approach has evolved from being a participant in global climate discussions to an active leader in the movement. At the COP26 summit in Glasgow (2021), PM Modi introduced the Panchamrit strategy, setting ambitious targets: Achieve a non-fossil energy capacity of 500 GW by 2030, Ensure 50% of India’s energy requirements come from renewable sources. Reduce total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes, Cut carbon intensity of the economy by at least 45%, Achieve net zero emissions by 2070.

This commitment is backed by seven key drivers of India’s energy transition, including a shift to a gas-based economy, boosting biofuels, expanding renewable energy production, and investing in hydrogen fuel technology. The National Hydrogen Mission, launched on August 15, 2021, is an example of India’s proactive approach, aiming to produce 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030.

Climate and Social Welfare: The Modi Government’s Initiatives

The book emphasises how India’s climate action is deeply linked to social welfare initiatives. The Swachh Bharat Mission, launched in 2014, not only improved sanitation but also contributed to environmental cleanliness. The authors cite studies by UNICEF and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation showing that Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages had significantly lower water and soil contamination levels compared to non-ODF villages.

Similarly, the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), which provided over 10 crore free LPG connections, has played a crucial role in reducing indoor pollution, improving the health of women in rural areas, and decreasing deforestation caused by firewood use. Another commendable initiative is the electrification of Indian Railways. Since 2014, approximately 40,000 km of rail lines have been electrified, a significant leap from previous efforts. With 94% of railway lines electrified as of January 2024, India is on track to achieving 100% electrification, thereby reducing its dependence on fossil fuels.

The Economic Opportunity in Climate Action

One of the book’s most compelling arguments is that mitigating climate change presents a significant economic opportunity for India. The authors highlight that renewable energy and climate-related industries could contribute to a $3 trillion economy by 2035. Foreign investments in India’s green energy sector have surged, with solar and wind energy attracting billions in capital. Carbon trading, another emerging sector, is also poised to create substantial economic opportunities.

The authors make a strong case for India positioning itself as a global hub for green technology, innovation, and sustainable industrial practices. They argue that businesses must recognise that sustainability is not merely an obligation but a profitable venture.

The Role of Individuals and Communities

Beyond governmental policies and corporate initiatives, Climate Action India stresses the power of individual and community participation. The book advocates for households shifting to solar energy, citizens adopting electric vehicles, communities promoting afforestation and water conservation, and students considering careers in environmental science and climate technology.

The authors believe that every individual’s contribution—however small—adds up to a collective force capable of bringing about lasting change. They call for a transformation in the ‘climate mindset’ so that environmental responsibility becomes an intrinsic part of daily life.

Strengths of the Book

The authors provide extensive research, statistics, and case studies to support their claims, making the book highly credible and informative. Unlike dry policy reports, the book is engaging and easy to read, making complex climate concepts accessible to a wider audience. The authors successfully balance India’s development needs with sustainability goals, presenting a pragmatic roadmap for future action. The book is not just an analysis of India’s climate journey but also a motivational tool, encouraging readers from all walks of life to participate in climate action.

Final Verdict

Climate Action India by Tuhin A. Sinha and Kaviraj Singh is an essential read for anyone interested in climate change, policy, and sustainability. It is a testament to India’s proactive stance in tackling environmental challenges while maintaining its development trajectory. The book’s greatest strength lies in its ability to inspire action—be it at the governmental, corporate, or individual level.

In a world increasingly threatened by climate disasters, this book is a timely reminder that while the battle against climate change is formidable, it is not unwinnable. India’s climate journey, as outlined in the book, serves as a blueprint for other developing nations striving to achieve sustainable growth.

For policymakers, students, business leaders, and environmentally conscious citizens, Climate Action India is a must-read. It not only informs but also empowers readers to take meaningful steps towards a greener future. If the authors’ goal was to inspire a nationwide shift in ‘climate mindsets,’ they have undoubtedly succeeded.

—Dr SG Suryah, State Secretary and Spokesperson, BJP Tamil Nadu.